The generic term "damascus" is used to imply the high quality of steel. The name comes from the Crusaders who, around the year 1000, discovered the unknown steel used by the Saracens for their blades.
How is a damascus blade forged?
The main technique for reproducing damascene steel and its patterns is to skilfully accumulate together layers upon layers of hard and soft steel then highlighting the layering by acid treatment.
The result is an unusual, unique blade with perfect aesthetics.
The damascene technique also brings a certain suppleness to blades with a very hard core, increasing their solidity.
A little history lesson...
It seems medieval ironsmiths lacked neither imagination nor resource to heat-treat their damascus steel.
Some of the formulas found in ancient records literally beggar belief... An example? Certain blacksmiths recommend dipping the sword in the urine of a young ginger-haired boy or of a three year old billy-goat, fed on only fern for the previous three days" - nothing to do with modern-day acid treatment of metal!